Hip pain can come from many different sources. Osteoarthritis
in the hip joint can cause significant pain, which may respond well
to physical therapy in the earlier stages, but often may require total
hip replacement surgery (also referred to as total hip arthroplasty).
Other sources of hip pain include sciatica nerve impingement, bursitis
in the buttock, groin or side of the hip, uneven leg length, sacro-iliac
joint dysfunction, poor posture, obesity, stress fractures or muscle
imbalances from tight hamstrings, hip flexors or other muscles. Infants
and children may also have hip pain from congenital hip dislocations
or slipped capital femoral epiphyseal (this is when the "ball"
of the hip joint actually slides partly or completely off the shaft
of the femur bone) to name just a few. A thorough examination is required
to determine the cause of pain and a plan of care is developed from
those findings. Interventions may include modalities such as ultrasound
or electrical stimulation, stretching and/or strengthening muscles,
patient education about posture and body mechanics and pain management
techniques. Pain in one area may come from injury in another area, so
many tests have been developed to differentiate pain from injury.